The Crucible Essays (351 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The Crucible Essays (351 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible Orianna Regan The Crucible Act One Questions 5-6 Ms. Getzen 5. At one point, Tituba tells the group that the devil bid her to kill Mr. Parris. Tituba is Reverend Parris's slave. Tituba says that the devil can to her and said "You work for me Tituba, and I make you free!" (47) What is probably going on here is that in the back of Tituba's mind she wants to be free, so she blames the devil for her thoughts. Tituba also says "And then he come one stormy night to me, and he say, Look! I have white people belong to me.' And I lookand there was Goody Good."(47) Tituba is referring to Sarah Good. Tituba also says that she saw Goody Osburn with the devil. Tituba probably did not see anything but Goody Good and Goody Osburn were the first to be brought up by Reverend Parris. 6.When Goody Osburn is accused of witchcraft, Mrs. Putnam immediately says, "I knew it! Goody Osburn were midwife to me three times. I begged you, Thomas, did I not? I begged him not to call Osburn because I feared her. My babies always shriveled in her hands!" (47) This shows that Mrs. Putnam never really liked Goody Osburn, and had no doubt that she was involved in witchcraft. 7.Abigail first denies that she was involved in witchcraft but then later reveals that she "danced for the devil" (48) Abigail then says she say Sarah Good with the devil and Goody Osburn with the devil and Bridget Bishop with the devil. Abigail is probably saying this to prove a point that other people in the village are involved with the devil not just her. Then later Abigail says she saw other girls with the devil. Abigail is most likely just saying these things to rile everybody up. 8.At the end it is clear that there are those who believe that witchcraft is going on and responsible for the girls' behavior, and those you don't.

A Profile of the Bonnethead Shark

A Profile of the Bonnethead Shark The bonnethead shark (Sphyrna tiburo), also known as the bonnet shark, bonnet nose shark, and shovelhead shark is one of nine species of hammerhead sharks. These sharks all have a unique hammer or shovel-shaped heads. The bonnethead has a shovel-shaped head with a smooth edge. The head shape of the bonnethead may help it more easily find prey. A 2009 study found that bonnethead sharks have a nearly 360-degree vision and excellent depth perception. These are social sharks that are most often found in groups numbering from 3 up to 15 sharks. More About the Bonnethead Shark Bonnethead sharks are about 2 feet long on average and grow to a maximum length of about 5 feet. Females typically are larger than males. Bonnetheads have a grayish-brown or gray back that often has dark spots and a white underside. These sharks need to swim continuously to supply fresh oxygen to their gills. Classifying the Bonnethead Shark The following is the scientific classification of the bonnethead shark: Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataSubphylum: GnathostomataSuperclass: PiscesClass: ElasmobranchiiSubclass: NeoselachiiInfraclass: SelachiiSuperorder: GaleomorphiOrder: CarcharhiniformesFamily: SphyrnidaeGenus: SphyrnaSpecies: tiburo Habitat and Distribution Bonnethead sharks are found in subtropical waters in the Western Atlantic Ocean from South Carolina to Brazil, in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico and in the Eastern Pacific Ocean from southern California to Ecuador. They live in shallow bays and estuaries. Bonnethead sharks prefer water temperatures over 70  F and make seasonal migrations to warmer waters during the winter months. During these trips, they may travel in large groups of thousands of sharks. As an example of their travels, in the U.S. they are found off the Carolinas and Georgia in the summer, and further south off Florida and in the Gulf of Mexico during the spring, fall and winter. How the Sharks Feed Bonnethead sharks eat primarily crustaceans (especially blue crabs), but will also eat small fish, bivalves, and cephalopods. Bonnetheads feed mostly in the daytime. They swim slowly toward their prey, and then quickly attack the prey, and crush it with their teeth. These sharks have a unique two-phase jaw closing. Instead of biting their prey and stopping once their jaw is closed, bonnetheads continue to bite their prey during their second phase of jaw closing. This increases their ability to specialize in hard prey, like crabs. After their prey is crushed, it is suctioned into the sharks esophagus. Shark Reproduction Bonnethead sharks are found in groups organized by gender as spawning season approaches. These sharks are viviparous... meaning that they give birth to live young in shallow waters after a 4- to 5-month gestation period, which is the shortest known for all sharks. The embryos are nourished by a yolk sac placenta (a yolk sac attached to the mothers uterine wall). During development inside the mother, the uterus becomes separated into compartments that house each embryo and its yolk sac. There are 4 to 16 pups born in each litter. The pups are about 1 foot long and weigh about half a pound when born. Shark Attacks Bonnethead sharks are considered harmless to humans. Conserving Sharks Bonnethead sharks are listed as least concern by the IUCN Red List, which says that they have one of highest population growth rates calculated for sharks and that despite fishing, the species is abundant. These sharks may be caught for display in aquariums and used for human consumption and for making fishmeal. References and Further Information Bester, Cathleen. Bonnethead. Florida Museum of Natural History. Accessed July 4, 2012.Cortà ©s, E. 2005. Sphyrna tiburo. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. Accessed July 3, 2012.Carpenter, K.E. Sphyrna tiburo: Bonnethead. Accessed July 4, 2012.Compagno, L., Dando, M. and S. Fowler. 2005. Sharks of the World. Princeton University Press.Krupa, D. 2002. Why the Hammerhead Sharks Head is In the Shape Its In. American Physiological Society. Accessed June 30, 2012.Viegas, J. 2009. Scalloped Hammerhead and Bonnethead Sharks have 360 Degree Vision. Accessed June 30, 2012.Wilga, C. D. and Motta, P. J. 2000. Durophagy in Sharks: Feeding Mechanics of the Hammerhead Sphyrna tiburo. The Journal of Experimental Biology 203, 2781–2796.

Choose the topics relevant to second term lecture material and Essay

Choose the topics relevant to second term lecture material and research the topic in more depth - Essay Example (Steger, 2003: p. 37) With regards to the large supply of available work force in the labor market, medium- and large-scale businesses are taking advantage of hiring competitive employees. Likewise, it is also crucial for businesses today to actively participate in the trading of goods and services in the world market. As part of discussing the valid reasons that makes it important for modern managers today to have a good understanding of the process of globalization, a literature review will be conducted in the study. To give the readers a better understanding of the subject matter, the first part of the literature review will discuss about the general information and the main purpose of globalization followed by analyzing the factors that makes it important for modern managers to have a good understanding of the globalization process. Prior to conclusion, reasons behind the need to implement and promote cultural diversity within the work environment will be tackled in details. Globalization is â€Å"a process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments of different countries which is driven by international trade and investment through the use of information technology.† (The Levin Institute, 2008) Basically, the concept of globalization allows business people to maximize their available financial resources by taking advantage of the low-cost products and services that are readily available from developing countries. Because of the differences in monetary exchange rate, large-scale businesses from developed countries are able to purchase more homogenous products and highly competitive human resources at a much lesser price. Therefore, large multinational companies could easily compete with small-scale local businesses by being able to offer homogenous products to its target consumers

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Business Plan - Essay Example Online business development starts with development of an online business place, widely known as website. Several facets are attached with development of a website and depend on the type of website as per requirement. Major contributions are from design and technology perspective keeping in mind the business objective, e.g. a corporate website can be static in nature with a professional design aspect, whereas a retail website (portal) has to be dynamic and communicative with consumers, with detailed product information, and purchase and multiple payment options. FlexiCoolGifts FlexiCoolGifts is a gift store, which requires the dynamic aspect of design to effectively communicate with perspective consumers. The website needs to be an e-commerce website with detailed information about the products offered, and purchase and multiple payment options for best user experience. Once the website is developed, a complete online marketing strategy and online business revenue model has to be est ablished. Online Marketing Online marketing is the process of marketing and advertisement of a business (brand) and its products and services on the â€Å"World Wide Web†. A simple concept plays the role in the Internet marketing scenario – â€Å"Customer Reach – anytime, anywhere†. Online marketing strategy is a combination of certain factors depending on the business type, model and business objective. It is also a combination of â€Å"primary† and â€Å"complementary† marketing channels to make the entire strategy objective oriented and result driven. Complete understanding of online marketing strategies and careful utilization of online marketing tools and channels make online marketing highly effective with minimum cost. FlexiCoolGifts can utilize the following types of online marketing channels for business development. Types of Online Marketing Online marketing is a combination of certain types of marketing and advertisement activitie s carried out in the Internet environment with an objective of reaching out to the perspective customer, anytime & anywhere. There are various types of online marketing channels such as Search Engine Marketing (Paid Search Results), Search Engine Optimization (Non-paid Search Results), Social Media Marketing (Marketing and Advertisement through Social Networking Channels and websites), Social Media Optimization (Marketing and advertisement message optimization in social media), Display Advertisement (marketing and advertisement through display or banners online), Contextual Advertizing (marketing and advertising text messages on other websites), Affiliate Marketing (marketing and advertising on a affiliate website), Directory Submission (Submitting Websites to Online Directories), Webinars (Online Seminars), Online Audio and Video Marketing (Interactive Marketing and Advertisement), Mobile (Cell Phone) Marketing (SMS, MMS, Audio and Video Clips), E-Mail Marketing (Marketing and Adve rtisement through e-mails), Online Chat Support (Online Support Mechanism), Viral Marketing (Audio-Video option to Spread through people), Interactive Advertising (Audio & Video Clips recorded or animated), and blogging. Online Marketing Strategy By careful consideration of market dynamics, customer segmentation, market research results, SWOT of business and unique selling proposition (USP), a marketing strategy and marketing mix can be devised. FlexiCoolGifts is a unique gift store with a wide range of gift items, music; videos etc. for various occasions are available along with customized

Land Question and Ethnicity in Darjeeling Hills Essay Example for Free

Land Question and Ethnicity in Darjeeling Hills Essay ABSTRACT Although economic factors are often considered as essential for augmenting ethnic movements, the analytic relationship between economic issues and ethnicity is far from being clear cut. In an attempt to address the problem of ethnicity in a non-Marxist theoretical plane, most of the studies on ethnic problems inadvertently indulge such logical inconsistencies. Such a critical reading led us to conceptualize ethnicity as a lived-in category – much like the concepts of class or caste – where both the material and cultural domain of routine life congregates. With the help of a case study of the Gorkhaland movement in the Darjeeling Hills (India) and the input of a particular field of material predisposition – namely, the issues related with land and agrarian social formation, this paper attempts to argue that ethnic movements are a dynamic podium wherein the encoded meanings of material and/or economic issues/grievances are decoded in cultural idioms. Even if the discussions on ethnicity have an inbuilt tendency to develop a theoretical plane that criticizes Marxian class analysis and demands an autonomous conceptual frame duly encouraged by post-Marxist and poststructuralist/postmodernist theoretical renditions, literatures on ethnicity for the most part have stressed economic factors, in some way or the other. Hence, finding available studies, which have made considerable advances in understanding the problem of Gorkha ethnicity, that have concentrated their focus on economic factors as the root cause of ethnic antagonism and conflict in the Darjeeling Hills (West Bengal, India) is common. ‘Economic stagnation’ (Dasgupta 1988), ‘uneven implementation of development policies’ (Chakrabarty 1988), ‘economic deprivation and negligence’ (Bura Magar 1994; Lama 1988; McHenry Jr. 2007; Nanda 1987), ‘petty-bourgeoisie aggrandisements against the dominance of monopoly capitalists of the Centre and the State’ (Sarkar 1988), ‘economic negligence, exploitation, and unavailability of white-collar jobs’ (Chadha 2005), ‘growing unemployment and step motherly attitude of the state regarding the overall development of the hill areas’ (Timsina 1992), ‘uneven development’ (Dasgupta 1999; Datta 1991), ‘endemic poverty, underdevelopment, and the perception of being â€Å"malgoverned†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Ganguly 2005), are some such factors many scholars put as the root cause of the Gorkhaland movement in the Darjeeling Hills. However, none of these studies have made it abundantly clear how economic conditions – the domain of the material – are linked to the desires of ethnic separatism, which conceptually remained under the rubric of culture – the non-material. Again, if the economic factors remarkably remained so significant, as the studies show, then why ultimately the cultural warpath (i.e., 81 ethnic conflict) and not an economic one (i.e., class conflict) appeared as a suitable remedial strategy? One obvious question arises thus: how the ‘material’ is transposed into ‘cultural’? The present paper is an attempt to answer such questions by analyzing the case of the Gorkha ethnicity and movement as it emerged out of the people’s grievances experienced through their quotidian life processes cloaked in their relative positions within the structural inequality. In fact, ethnic identity much like the issues of class or caste is a lived-in category that emerges out of the perception of reality and receives constant reformulation, since the reality is itself dynamic. In our treatment ethnic identification – much like all other identifications – is overall rooted in the larger canvas of social experience, which determines the processes of framing contending relationships between and among groups based on their varying capacity of possessing the valued and scarce resources available in the society. Instead of pinpointing the causes of the movement, our analysis attempts to show that the assertion of Gorkha ethnic identity has had payoffs with respect to resource access and utilization and that the protracted struggle of the Gorkhas for separate statehood is that trajectory wherein both the cultural and material aspects of routine life coalesce. Sometimes this happens even without an immediate ethnic ‘other’. This is particularly the case, as the study shows, with the hill agrarian sector. It thus becomes imperative that the problem should be studied in a historical plane putting utmost emphasis on the social formation of the Darjeeling Hills, which would help us focus the pattern of resource distribution on an ethnic plane vis-à  -vis the question of structural inequality. The importance of treating the issue of Gorkhaland movement as a historical phenomenon can hardly be ignored, especially when one finds that the Darjeeling Hills has experienced a century long historicity of protest – sometimes accommodative, sometimes violent – to achieve a separate politico-administrative arrangement for self rule. Moreover, the historical perspective is needed to show the fundamental changes that have taken place within the social formation of the region since the colonial days and had corresponding effects for furthering the cause of the movement in the post-colonial period. Therefore, a proper historical analysis of ethnicity can help us understand how the grievances of the masses were articulated and were translated into the courses of violent action, how new equations came up because of state intervention and how the overall dynamics of the movement kept on rolling, putting ethnicity at the center stage. SOCIAL FORMATION AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Indeed, there can never be a single cause of an ethnic movement that stretched over a century.1 However, our concern regarding the causes of Gorkhaland movement is not about degree but of kind, by which we mean that Gorkha ethnicity, or for that matter the Gorkhaland movement, is embedded in the social formation of the Darjeeling Hills. It is neither entirely the product of primordial sentiments nor even the result of elite manipulation, but had been the outcome of a dynamic social formation that reproduced its productive forces, relations of production, as well as the relations of subjugation and exploitation meted out by its incumbents. The onus of social formation in augmenting the cause of social movement has been stressed by most of the major theoretical paradigms in some form or the other. For example, functionalism, though lately emerging from its erstwhile position of bracketing social movements as pathological social behavior, became increasingly concerned with the analysis of social movement as a variety of (normal) collective action and showed the necessity of framing a general hypothesis on the social system while analyzing social movements as a collective phenomenon of some sort. Likewise, symbolic interactionism and resource mobilization theory, in their attempts to analyze social movement, put stress on the relational structures and on the complex processes of interaction mediated by certain networks of belonging, respectively. The Marxist tradition, perhaps, has given utmost emphasis on the necessity to view social movements in relation to structural arrangements available in the social formation. Each social formation is rooted in a particular structure of relationship and movement is not the cause but the outcome of the differentially arranged social order in which privileges and rewards are more in possession of some minority groups compared with the majority others. Even the post-Marxist or for that matter the New Social Movement (NSM) perspective in their zeal to study the identity-based movements as manifestations of post-material claims hardly denied the importance of social formation while understanding the so-called post-material claims of the NSMs. In outlining the principles for the analysis of collective action, Melucci (1996:24) – a prominent figure of NSM school – points out that the analytical field of the NSMs depends on the systems of relationships within which such action takes place and toward which it is directed. The recorded history of the Gorkhaland movement suggests that the first spurt of the movement can be marked out in the year 1907 when the hill people submitted a memorandum – for the first time – to the colonial government urging separation from the then Bengal and the need to formulate a separate administrative arrangement for the Darjeeling Hills. ALTHUSSER, SOCIAL FORMATION, AND THE DYNAMICS OF RURAL DARJEELING Taking a cue from the centrality of social formation in the study of social movement as analyzed above, an attempt has been made to focus on the social formation of the Darjeeling Hills2 and its contribution to the development of a protracted ethnic movement in the region. Our treatment of the concept of social formation is Althusserian in inspiration and is viewed as a complex whole composed of concrete economic, political and ideological relations that provide the pretext upon which the consolidation of selfhood of the individual or the group within a given social space becomes feasible. It is worth mentioning here instead of using such terms like ‘social system’, ‘social order’ or for that matter ‘society,’ Althusser (1997) preferred the use of ‘social formation’. Since he believed while terms like ‘social system’ and ‘social order’ presupposes a structure that reduces the form of all its emanations, ‘society’ as a concept is loaded with pre-Marxist humanist conception that treats social life as ultimately the product of individual human beings. Althusser has used the concept of social formation with some broader theoretical appeal. He problematized the so-called base-superstructure module by bringing together the notions of social system, order, and society closer to his postMarxist formulation of social formation. Social formation, for Althusser, is constituted of a complex of concrete economic, political, and ideological relations, bound together and given their particular character as capitalist, feudal or whatever by the fact that economic relations, is the ‘determinant in the last instance.’ Conceived in this manner the concept of social formation presupposes that under this model social reality is neither determined, nor to be explained by a single causal variable but always by the whole structure (a notion that he labels as ‘overdetermination’), which remains amenable to the economic determinant only in the last instance. The uniqueness in Althusser’s concept of social formation lies in the fact that it problematizes the ‘base-superstructure’ relationship (that remains central, almost invariably, to the whole realm of post-Marxist scholarship) to that extreme of Darjeeling has been one of the prominent hill stations developed by the British i n colonial India.

term paper :: essays research papers

Notes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interpersonal communication occurs within interpersonal relationships. Interpersonal relationship is the association of two people who are interdependent, they use consistent patterns of interaction, and who have interacted for a descended amount of time. There are two important interpersonal relationships, inclusion and control they both include involving others in the conversation. The difference is control is the ability to influence others, and inclusion is becoming involved with others (need for affection, or holding fond or tender feelings toward someone.) pg. 170 There is also symmetrical relationships with people mirror each other or are similar. There is a dark side to interpersonal relationships. Some may find that interpersonal relationships can be painful and negative. This includes obsession, fatal attraction, and jealousy. These can often cause abuse, sexual, physical, mental, and emotional. Also negative relationships include gossip, conflict, and codependency with can create harmful results to the relationship. Relational development is the process by which relationships grow. (important). There are five stages to interpersonal relationships; Initiating, experimenting, intensifying, integration, and bonding. Initiating is the beginning period of interaction. Experimenting is when two people have a clear understanding to find out more about each other. Intensifying involves active participation, mutual concern, and awareness of the developing relationship. Integrating is when people in the relationship start to mirror each others behavior. Bonding is the final stage when they commit to each other. Relational maintenance is very important because of the strategies that keep the relationship together. Massage characteristics can have many different meanings. Hurtful messages are messages that create emotional pain or upset, they can end the relationship. Deceptive communication is the practice of deliberately making someone believe things that are not true.

Submit a Draft of your Definition of Character

MORALS Morals are ethics, codes, values, principles and custom of a person or society. It is the study of human behavior about what is wrong or right, good or bad. Morals are the values which establish the standard of every individual towards the society. It helps the person to develop sense of loyalty towards his responsibilities and duties. It is key to distinguish wrong person from right on the basis of behavior to others and society. They are the ideals of the person which are followed by them in their life.Some of examples of morals â€Å"are not to cheat others for illegal purpose†, â€Å"always respect elders† and â€Å"not be cruel to animals†. ETHICS: It is that branch of philosophy that is concerned with evaluation of human behavior. It is the quality or state of being of sound moral principle such as uprightness, honesty and sincerity. Ethics in general means behavior which indicates right or wrong behavior of person. It is bunch of moral values and fu ndamental principles which determines moral duties and obligation.Ethics is the study and judgment of good or bad, right or wrong etc. It determines such professional standards, commitment and fairness towards their profession or general public. It is the standard of conduct by which individual guides his own actions and judges that of others. Ethics is also used in determining public policy. For e. g. â€Å"Is getting an abortion immoral? †, â€Å"What are human rights, how do we determine them? † and â€Å"Do animals have rights as well? † INTEGRITY: Integrity refers to quality of person’s character.Integrity is a matter of persons integrating various parts of their personality into a harmonious, intact whole. Integrity helps the persons to draw line between his orders of preference. For example â€Å"An intelligent person spent his limited money on the most desired need and than on other need†. The person of sound mind, sincerity and trustworthi ness can make such intelligent decisions. The person with integrity earns more respect in respect to others as they are more effective leaders. Therefore, the people who lead their life with integrity receive more success.REFERENCEReferred to sites:- 1. http://www. google. com/search? hl=en&rlz=1T4GGLR_enIN237IN238&defl=en&q=define:morals&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=title Definitions of morals on the Web: 2. http://www. google. com/search? hl=en&rlz=1T4GGLR_enIN237IN238&defl=en&q=define:ethics&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=title Definitions of ethics on the Web: 3. http://www. google. com/search? hl=en&rlz=1T4GGLR_enIN237IN238&defl=en&q=define:integrity&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=title Definitions of integrity on the Web: Dated 31st August 2007

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography

Choledocholithiasis (which called bile duct stones or gall bladder stones in the bile duct) is the presence of stones from gall bladder in the common bile duct. Stones usually form in gall bladder but they sometimes pass through the cystic duct into common bile duct. There are many symptoms of gallstone in common bile duct. For example; abdominal pain (in the right upper or middle upper abdomen), fever, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting and clay-colored stools. So, this condition diagnosed and treated by ERCP. ERCP (Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) is a procedure that enables doctor to examine the pancreatic and bile ducts by insert lighted tube which called endoscope (like the thickness of your index finger) is placed through the mouth and into stomach and first part of the small intestine (duodenum) exactly in (ampulla) and passed of cannula (which a small plastic tube) through the endoscope and into this opening with injected contrast material and X-rays are taken to study the common bile duct. Fluoroscopy is a radiographic procedure that provides a dynamic image of the inside of the body frequently after the administration of the contrast media with the use of persistent x-ray beam that passes through the area of interest and later the attenuated beam that come out of the patient is received by a video monitor to view the body part motion in details. The fluoroscopic studies can efficiently detect variety of abnormalities of different body systems such as the skeletal, digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive and urinary system. (University of Rochester Medical Center,2018). In this assignment I will discuss about equipment used in ERCP, role of radiographer in ERCP, technical and exposure consideration of ERCP and case study. ? ERCP Equipment ERCP contain endoscopy and fluoroscopy. Fluoroscopy consists of C-arm and monitor. Endoscopy consist of flexible tube which called endoscope with at the end it contain a tiny video camera and light. There is a canal inside components of the scope through which thin instruments are passed and can be poked out the tube's end. These instruments include a catheter, balloon, basket, sphincterotome, biopsy forceps and cytology brush and stents. So, for injecting contrast media into the ducts by used of catheter. Used of balloon is to stretch tight areas of the bile duct or pancreatic duct. Also, for removing and manipulating stones used of basket, and to incise tissue and make the bile duct or pancreatic duct opening larger used of a sphincterotome. Biopsy forceps and cytology brush use to obtain microscopic exam, and use stent to bridge blockages. Other openings allow the doctor to suck out water or air inside digestive system as well as clean the camera lens. Control the movement of the tube by gently pushing and pulling on its outside end is done by the doctor while also steering the inside end with control knobs that the doctor holds in his hand. Video television screen in the procedure room is received images from the endoscope. Also, obtain an x-ray image of the bile duct and pancreatic duct by the fluoroscopy. Role of Radiographer in ERCP:Before examination:First, asked to remove any clothing or jewelry that may get in the way of the body area to be examined and wear gown. Then, check name and an identification number of the patient. Third, prepare the C-arm machine and the monitor. Fourth, positioned on the x-ray table depending on what the doctor want. Fifth, make sure everyone who stays in ERCP room wear lead apron. During examination: Regarding on department's equipment, radiographer may have to stay out in the control panel or may be able to stand in the room to x-ray. stand in the room to x-ray In the latter, it is important to pay close attention so as not to miss cue to x-ray. The doctor will ask the radiographer to x-ray when it is required if screen or spot. Also, the radiographer be attention for doctor and patient condition.After examination:The radiographer save the image and sent it. Make sure the machine is clean. Technical of ERCP:Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a technique that to diagnose and treat diseases regarding to the pancreatobiliary system by used of endoscopy and fluoroscopic imaging. The endoscopic portion of the examination uses endoscope that is passed through the esophagus and stomach and into the second portion of the duodenum. For obtaining high-quality radiographic images and for the prevention of pulmonary aspiration and considered optimal for cannulation of the papilla, so ERCP is performed with the patient in the prone position. But, patients who can not able for prone position for ERCP are often placed in the left lateral decubitus or supine positions.Radiation exposure consideration of ERCP:In ERCP the fluoroscopy time is shorter when ERCP is performed by doctor who has many years experience of done ERCP and carried out a large number of ERCPs in the past year. In general, radiation exposure is higher during therapeutic ERCP than during diagnostic ERCP. Radiation dose to patients during ERCP depends on many factors, and the doctor unable to control some variables which are patient size, procedure type, or fluoroscopic equipment used. In a recent prospective study where ERCP instruments used for example, stent insertion, lithotripsy, needle-knife, biopsies, the use of a guide wire or additional wires other than the standard, a balloon and catheter, that will significantly increase fluoroscopy duration.Patient preparation and care:Before the examination, the stomach should be empty. The patient who does the ERCP must not eat anything after midnight on the evening before the exam. Regarding for examination time, if the procedure is done early in the morning, no drinks must be taken, but if examination is done at noon time, a cup of tea, juice, milk, or coffee can be taken four hours earlier. medications of heart and blood pressure must always be taken with a little amount of water in the early morning. The patient needs to have a companion drive them home after the procedure, since the procedure will require intravenous sedation.To cause relaxation and sleepiness, the patient will be given medications through a vein. Local anesthetic is given to the patient to decrease the gag reflex. Some doctors prefer to give the patients more intravenous medications for sedation, so do not use local anesthetic. This also applies to those patients who cannot tolerate the bitter taste of the local anesthetic or who have a history of allergy to xylocaine and the numbness sensation in the throat. The intravenous medication is given, while the patient is lying on the left side on the X-ray table, and then the instrument is inserted gently through the mouth into the duodenum. The instrument advances through the food passage and not the air passage. It does not interfere with the breathing and gagging is usually prevented or decreased by the medication. After the examination, patients must be observed in the recovery place until most of the effects from the medications have worn off. This sometimes takes one to two hours. Case study:Â   This case study is about 77 years old female patient with H/O common bile duct stones. The condition start 8 months ago by right upper abdominal pain and clay colored stools. The patient came to Royal Hospital and the doctor decided to take x-ray first. So, they found 3 large stones in common bile duct. Then the doctor decided to do ERCP. The ERCP was done in 7/5/2018. The doctor saw a perimapullary diverticulum and with injected contrast through common bile duct, the cholangiogram showed 3 large stones proximally back to back, the balloon was used to remove the stones. However, this patient was uncooperative, so stenting done in long time with use 9cm plastic biliary stent with good bile drainage.

Employer

Employer Employers and employees are the two integral parties in all organizations. The employees of an organization are the primary machinery of the business and their input is indispensible. The employers on the other hand are the ones who own the business and their goal is to ensure its productivity and future survival.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Employer-Employee Perspective specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The employee-employer relationship is shaped by many aspects including: legislation, employment contract, and salary to name but a few. Even so, this relationship is in many instances characterized by a difference in expectations by the two parties. Employers and employees have different expectations of each other in their execution of duties and in the day to day running of the organization. This difference in expectations is as a result of the differing views held by the two parties as well as changes that are t aking place in the industrial work and labor markets. This paper will set out to discuss the differences in expectations between employers and employees. The paper will seek to reveal the reason for this changes and how they can be properly managed for the good of both the employee and the employer. The employer is the party who hires the employee and he expects individual employees to provide good and quality work, loyalty, and show commitment to the organization. However, the commitment and loyalty of the employee is not easy to secure due to the cut throat competition between organizations which has resulted in mounting pressure on workers to deliver good performance. Hankin (2005) theorizes that this excessive competition can trace its roots to the industrial revolution in 1850s led the growth of markets and firms and hence the growth of business activities. The development in infrastructure fueled the development of business. Companies today therefore adopt strategies aimed at making maximum profits and minimizing cost. Milkovich and Newman (2010) reveal that these events have led to pressure on employers who were forced to look for ways to minimize production cost. Without concern on the working conditions employees are subjected to, employees expect high performance but want to offer low wages. A common expectation by employees is favorable work conditions and adequate pay. This results in a feeling of contentment which increases the likelihood of good job performance. Research on organizational productivity has continually demonstrated that better working conditions results in higher productivity for the organization (Vance, CM Paik 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is therefore in the best interest of any employer to seek to acknowledge the needs, wants and requirements of their employees that would make their working experi ence amicable. This is mostly in the responsibility of the human resource department to implement such regulations to favor the best yield from the worker. This not only puts the organization in the best place in the industry but also is a quality assurance policy. To maintain a competitive workforce takes much more than just a good pay check and lucrative remuneration (The Georgia Department of Labor 2011). These include a regular assessment of the employees not only to review the company’s performance but also to let the workers know the quality of their work as well. Employer’s expectations must be influenced by their input to achieve the same from the employees. Every employee sets a target they would require their employees to achieve. Traditionally, employees have been able to correctly predict the kind of reward they will get from investing time and effort in the organization (Jenster Hussey 2001). This predictability contributed to the employment relationship since it motivated employees since they could rightly predict the performance that results in desired outcomes. In the current labor market, organizations are undergoing constant changes and stability of employment is no longer assured. Employers’ expectations in the recent past have notably shifted from the old age experience requirement to preference in the ability to adapt to change and self-motivated individuals. With the changes in technological advancement at the current speed it is impossible to remain in the status quo regarding workforce. The need to have a dynamic labor force has prompted the shift in the interest and expectation of employees. According to Milkovich and Newman (2010), employers are looking into the universities for fresh and young university students graduating in various disciplines as a more effective workforce. The labor force market today is mainly driven by unemployment which means that there is a substantial pool of potential hires from which an employer can recruit. Compared to the situation in the past, it is today easier for an employer to find a willing worker. The common and shared expectations seen in many employers are related to individual personality and integrity accompanied by off course academic backing. The most important quality is the ability to motivate one’s self. The demand for self motivated individuals is escalating as the days goes go by (Vance Paik 2006). This is seen as substitute for lack of experience for new employees. The means that the employee has shown qualities of: ambitiousness, dedication and a willingness to learn and acquire new skills. Team work rewards is being encouraged by many companies as a way to achieve targets in the organization. The shift has been effected from experience to application of knowledge to the benefit of the company as wells as of the employeesAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Employer-Employee Perspective specifically for you f or only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Individuals with the drive and desire to learn and commitment to self-development always attract the attention of a possible employee. These are qualities of people who will always have the job done no matter the situation. Minimum supervision is required for their commitment (The Georgia Department of Labor 2011). This is quite much of what any employer would want to have inculcated to his/her employers both current and new. Every company’s and employer’s goal is to achieve much without much supervision. Employers now seem to be more interested with team players, consensus builders and creative thinkers along with the schedule qualifications of computer literacy and precise understanding. Employees at all levels are required to have more knowledge and perform more. Integrity is another possible plus for an individual seeking employment. Intelligence is vital in the workforce as individuals with such virtues are in a b etter position to handle issues with out difficulties (Vance Paik 2006). Any employer expects such qualities from their employees as way of minimizing loses in careless mistakes from the same working individuals. This will also involve such skills as oral, written and communication skills. These may extend to even requirements to have a foreign language with the world globalization of the world and business as well. In the course of their employment with an organization, employees seek to create an interpretation of their obligations and entitlements with the organization. This interpretation is obtained from information gained from co-workers, supervisors and also the formal employment contract (Jenster Hussey 2001). In times of organizational changes to previously stable organizations, there comes about a mismatch in perceptions of obligations between employer and employee. In the recent years, many companies have are experiencing dramatic and unstable changes owing to emergence of an innovative era of labor rights. These changes are responsible for the current transformation of way work is done by employees in varied institutions. Revolution is inevitable at the current labor markets. Rising inclination is far much influencing organization prompting them to act in response to the emerging trends. Of these emerging trends, a few are quite prevalent and most felt among the employer’s domain. It is these developments that are creating the major troubles for employers as they are affecting the way business and labor is carried out. Tension between the employers and employees is emanating from these trends.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The pressure thereof presents opportunities but threats as well as threats to the employees-employers relationship. They include globalization which puts organizations on a global scale operating in a global economy. This creates competition on a higher scale as compared to before globalization was initialized (Vance Paik 2006). This aspect brings about larger convergence regarding consumption and demand of the products produced by an organization. At the same time there is greater possibility for the opposite effect of divergence at work where companies need to acclimatize commercial approach, market strategies, and production to local domestic markets. To remain relative to the market requirements employers are forced to adapt to the changing labor requirements accepted. Communication and information dissemination is occurring across the globe in divergent language. This is a wakeup call for employers to embrace the reality that demand for labor has gone a notch higher than the t radition local workforce employment. More opportunities are being created by the ability for traders to make trips round the globe due to the easy mobility. This however has created more and broader competition for companies. But the most important event is that it has reduced barriers to do business and invest in other countries (Sims Quatro 2005). Employees are looking for a synergistic approach to life. Work is a piece of a bigger picture. Companies that want to attract dedicated, creative employees need to offer more than competitive pay.† Currently employees are looking for benefits to their advantage and to improve their livelihood. This includes family leaves, child education support loans, flexible working hours, medical covers, and other services to their advantage, job share opening and monetary arrangement programs (Cluff 2002). Companies prospect have transformed in response to global transformation as well. Short-term existing companies create no opportunities fo r promotions and rise in the corporate ladder for employees (Jenster Hussey 2001). On the other hand, lifelong companies will always have structures providing opportunities for the same and encourage hard work within the organization. Though monetary remuneration is an important motivation for workers and an indication of one’s value in the company, there are other important aspects as well. Today the employee is also concerned with their professional growth and they are continually requiring the employer to provide schedules that improve and encourage growth (Milkovich Newman 2010). While in the past employees were content to work and wait for the employer to issue a promotion in a random manner, employees today want to know the steps to take in order to get promoted. The change of events has seen reward being valued on knowledge and performance of an individual. Employees and employers expectations differ in many ways. Both the employee and employer wish for an equivalenc e of standards and opportunity. For one to be considered ready for employment, he or she is weighed in respect to the needs and requirements of the organization. This has however changed owing to the shift in the present aggressive environment, in technology, and in hypothesis of administrative applications (The Georgia Department of Labor 2011). Extreme competition has seen companies change their tactic and focusing more on the customer’s needs and a passionately careful to satisfy those needs. Companies are today very keen to respond to customers change in preferences and satisfy customers demand (Hankin 2005). This may result in employees’ perspective being ignored and when this happens, it can result in perceptions of inequality in the work relationship. The employee will have a reduction in his perceived obligations to the organization. This paper set out to discuss the differences in expectations between employers and employees in the current labor market. To thi s end, this paper has shown that employers’ expectations are mostly guided by the organizational strategy. The paper has also reviewed the manner in which employees expectations have changed in the current labor market. These changes must be taken into consideration by the employer so as to ensure high productivity is obtained from the employee. References Cluff, ED 2002, Library education and employer expectations, Journal of Library Administration, 42 (11): 25 38. Hankin, H 2005, The new workforce: Five sweeping trends that will shape your companys future, USA: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Jenster, P Hussey, D 2001, Company Analysis: Determining Strategic Capability, New Jersey: Wiley. Milkovich, GT Newman, JM 2010, Compensation, London: McGraw-Hill Education. Sims, RR Quatro, SA 2005, Leadership: succeeding in the private, public, and not-for-profit sectors, London: E. Sharpe. The Georgia Department of Labor 2011, Employer Expectations. Web. Vance, CM Paik, Y 2006, Managing a global workforce: challenges and opportunities in international human resource management, Arizona: M.E. Sharpe.

The Definition of Listening and How to Do It Well

The Definition of Listening and How to Do It Well Listening is the active process of receiving and responding to spoken (and sometimes unspoken) messages. It is one of the subjects studied in the field of language arts and in the discipline of conversation analysis. Listening is not just hearing what the other party in the conversation has to say. Listening means taking a vigorous, human interest in  what is being told us, said poet  Alice Duer Miller. You can  listen like a blank wall  or like a splendid auditorium where every sound comes back fuller and richer. Elements and Levels of Listening Author Marvin Gottlieb cites four elements of good listening: Attention- the focused perception of both visual and verbal stimuliHearing- the physiological act of opening the gates to your earsUnderstanding- assigning meaning to the messages receivedRemembering- the  storing  of meaningful information (Managing Group Process. Praeger, 2003) He also cites four levels of listening: acknowledging, sympathizing, paraphrasing, and empathizing. The four levels of listening range from passive to interactive when considered separately. However, the most effective listeners are able to project all four levels at the same time. That means they show theyre paying attention, they show interest, and they convey they are working to understand the speakers message. Active Listening An active listener not only pays attention but withholds judgment during the speakers turn and reflects on whats being said. S.I. Hayakawa notes in The Use and Misuse of Language that an active listener is curious about and open to the speakers views, wants to understand his or her points, and so asks questions to clarify whats being said. An unbiased listener ensures that the questions are neutral, without skepticism or hostility. [L]istening does not mean simply maintaining a polite silence while you are rehearsing in your mind the speech you are going to make the next time you can grab a conversational opening. Nor does listening mean waiting alertly for the flaws in the other fellows argument so that later you can mow him down, Hayakawa said. Listening means trying to see the problem the way the speaker sees it- which means not sympathy, which is feeling for him, but empathy, which is experiencing with him. Listening requires entering actively and imaginatively into the other fellows situation and trying to understand a frame of reference different from your own. This is not always an easy task. (How to Attend a Conference in The Use and Misuse of Language. Fawcett Premier, 1962) Impediments to Listening A basic communication loop has a message going from a sender to a receiver and feedback (such as acknowledgment of understanding, e.g., a nod) going from the receiver to the speaker. A lot can get in the way of a message being received, including distraction or fatigue on the part of the listener, the receiver prejudging the speakers argument or information, or a lack of context or commonality to be able to understand the message. Difficulty in hearing the speaker could also be an impediment, though thats not always the fault of the listener. Too much jargon on the part of the speaker can also impede the message. "Listening" to Other Cues When communicating, body language (including cultural cues) and tone of voice can also relay information to the listener, so in-person communication can send more layers of information about the topic being relayed than a voice-only means or a text-only method. The receiver, of course, has to be able to properly interpret the nonverbal signs to avoid subtext misunderstandings. Keys to Effective Listening Here are a dozen tips to being an effective active listener: Maintain eye contact with the speaker if possible.Pay attention and listen for ideas.Find areas of interest.Judge content, not delivery.Dont interrupt, and be patient.Hold back your points or counterpoints.Resist distractions.Pay attention to nonverbal information.Keep your mind open, and be flexible.Ask questions during pauses and give feedback.Listen with empathy to try and see the speakers viewpoint.Anticipate, summarize, weigh the evidence, and look between the lines.

Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Capitalism - Essay Example Karl Max was a revolutionist during the industrial revolution. He was a socialist that had very peculiar views about capitalism. According to Karl Max capitalism is based on his version of the labour theory of value, and includes the analysis of capitalist profit as the extraction of surplus value from the exploited proletariat (Standord, 2003). Capitalism has evolved a lot over time. The 20th century marked a new era in which the stock market served as a critical mechanism that was used by capitalist to raise money. The two most utilized instruments that Wall Street popularized to raise money was the sale of common stocks and the issuance of corporate bonds. Technological advances enabled capitalist to produce more at lower costs. During the 1980’s a key innovation that sparked a new economic era was the computer. The computers facilitated the work of many professionals both in the manufacturing and service industries. As manufacturing matured in the United States the computer helped the United States transform its economy into a knowledge based service economy. McKinney, B. (2008). Capitalism During the Industrial Revolution. Retrieved November 13, 2011 from